Abstract
Respiratory rate (RR) predicts in-hospital and short-term mortality in patients with a variety of pathophysiological conditions, but its predictive value for long-term cardiovascular (CV) and all-cause mortality in the general population is unknown. Here, we investigated the relationship between mean nocturnal RR and mortality in community-dwelling older men and women.
We measured mean nocturnal RR during sleep from overnight polysomnography in 2686 men participating in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS) sleep study and 406 women participating in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) to investigate the relationship between mean nocturnal RR with long-term CV and all-cause mortality.
One hundred sixty-six men (6.1%) in the MrOS cohort (8.9±2.6 years follow-up) and 46 women (11.2%) in the SOF cohort (6.4±1.6 years follow-up) died from CV disease. All-cause mortality was 51.2% and 26.1% during 13.7±3.7 and 6.4±1.6 years follow-up in the MrOS Sleep and the SOF cohort, respectively. Multivariable Cox regression analysis adjusted for significant covariates demonstrated that RR dichotomised at 16 breaths per minute was independently associated with CV mortality (MrOS: HR=1.57 [1.14–2.15], p=0.005; SOF: HR=2.58 [1.41–4.76]), p=0.002) and all-cause mortality (MrOS: HR=1.18 [1.04–1.32], p=0.007; SOF: HR=1.50 [1.02–2.20], p=0.04).
In community-dwelling older men and women, polysomnography-derived mean nocturnal RR≥16 breaths per minute is an independent predictor of long-term CV and all-cause mortality. Whether nocturnal mean RR can be used as a risk marker warrants further prospective studies.
Footnotes
This manuscript has recently been accepted for publication in the European Respiratory Journal. It is published here in its accepted form prior to copyediting and typesetting by our production team. After these production processes are complete and the authors have approved the resulting proofs, the article will move to the latest issue of the ERJ online. Please open or download the PDF to view this article.
Conflict of interest: Dr. Baumert has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: Dr. Linz has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: Dr. Stone has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: Dr. McEvoy has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: Dr. Cummings has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: Dr. Redline has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: Dr. Mehra has nothing to disclose.
Conflict of interest: Dr. Immanuel has nothing to disclose.
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